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DEFENITIONS

-exploring and exploiting the loophools in the system.

-taking things apart, seeing how they work, and using this knowledge to create new and even more interesting things.

-share a common tendency towards a rebellious creativity aimed at increasing the agency of underdogs.

-the hacker inmpulse expresses itself via a constellation of minor acts of insurrection, often undertaken by individuals, creatively disguised to deprive authorities of the oppurtunity to retaliate.

an individual attempting tp live an empowered and unalienated life. it is outsider in spirit, seeking empowerment outside the terms set by mainstream establishment.
(outisder definition?)

the hacker impulse is critical. it difies, for example, corporate ambitions.

-the hacker spirit is a ‘way of being’, an attitude towards the world.

-the disruption of standard patterns of thought

- Hackers challenge the binary by seeking access, either by literally ‘cracking’ boundaries – breaking in – or by redefining the lines between those with permission and those without. We might call this appropriation

-The hacker ethic is therefore a composite. It is not merely exploratory curiosity or rebellious deviance or creative innovation within incumbent systems. It emerges from the intersection of all three.

-In the hands of a sensationalist media, the ethos of hacking is conflated with the act of cracking computer security. Anyone who does that, regardless of the underlying ethos, is a ‘hacker’.

-Thus the emergent tech industry’s definition of ‘hacking’ as quirky-but-edgy innovation by optimistic entrepreneurs with a love of getting things done.

-individual startups portray themselves as ‘underdogs’ while simultaneously being aware of the enormous power and wealth the tech industry they’re a part of wields at a collective level. And so we see a gradual stripping away of the critical connotations of hacking. Who said a hacker can’t be in a position of power?

-the hacker ethic is hollowed out and subsumed into the ideology of solutionism, to use a term coined by the Belarusian-born tech critic Evgeny Morozov. It describes the tech-industry vision of the world as a series of problems waiting for (profitable) solutions.

-For some, the spirit of hacking is stupid and pointless anyway, an individualistic self-help impulse, not an authentic political movement.

-Gentrification is a pacification process that takes the wild and puts it in frames. I believe that hacking is the reverse of that, taking the ordered rules of systems and making them fluid and wild again.

-Hacking, in my world, is a route to escaping the shackles of the profit-fetish, not a route to profit.

1984 Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution (Steven Levy)

1986 Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance (James Scott)

2013 The Heretic's Guide to Global Finance (Brett Scott)

2013 Explore Everything: Place Hacking the City
(Bradley Garrett)

"Media pranks"